--- Somethings that should not have been forgotten were lost. History became legend, legend became myth, the Ring passed out of all knowledge. Until, when chance came, it ensnared a new bearer. ---
Tolkien 的“戒指”並沒有從人類的記憶中消失,也未曾褪色,反而拜 Peter Jackinson 的電影所賜,在二十一世紀初激起一股狂熱。能否如他所願成為純英語世界的神話,尚待時間考驗,但可以肯定的是,這只戒指已經蠱惑了讀者的心,將他們牢牢套住了。
電影為了加快節奏,將劇情做了不少增刪修改,加重了精靈的戲份,許多人地時物的描述卻又失之簡略。加長版 DVD 雖然補加了半小時的內容,藉著影像與對白,深入刻劃人性的衝突與軟弱,加重了魔戒的邪惡本質與誘惑力,可是還是不等於原著。電影變更了許多角色的本質,尤其是對阿拉岡(Aragorn、電影譯為亞拉岡)、薩魯曼、弗羅多、Boromir(波羅米爾、電影譯為波羅莫)的詮釋,偏離原著甚多。這篇先討論阿拉岡的角色。
阿拉岡為 Elendil 後裔,繼承了 Arnor & Gondor 兩國的王權。他生而為人族之王,是從小就接受命運,朝著國王之路邁進,還是選擇逃避,卻在不情願的狀況為情勢所逼不得不當國王?對這角色的詮釋,電影與書本有極大的不同。
先說電影。(部份對話引用自加長版 DVD 中,正式的電影為了上演時間限制而濃縮刪除。)
Elendil 之子 Isildur 在第二紀末 War of the Last Alliance 打敗 Sauron(薩烏隆、電影譯為索倫)之後,因被魔戒蠱惑,想佔為己有的慾望使他不肯將戒指銷毀,讓 Sauron 形體消散但力量殘存,才能在第三紀末捲土重來造成中土動亂。
在電影中,阿拉岡自幼在裂谷長大,知道是祖先的軟弱才造成日後黑暗勢力的茁壯,也清楚人類的歷史中充滿腐敗墮落,所以在明瞭自己的身份後卻不願意接受王權,因為他認為自己也僅僅是個人類,無法超脫人類軟弱易受誘惑的缺點。他選擇自我放逐,隱姓埋名在荒野流浪。當甘道夫提醒愛隆王,人族還有最後一位領導者時,出現這樣的對話:
- Gandalf :
-
There is one who could unite them. One who could reclaim the throne of Gondor.
- Elrond :
-
He turned from that path a long time ago. He has chosen exile.
因為他的逃避,與北王國(Arnor)多年來的沒落衰退,對抗 sauron 僅靠著岡多爾在撐腰,所以在愛隆王(Elrond)的會議上,當 Boromir 聽到阿拉岡有權繼承王位時,輕蔑的說:
Gondor has no king. Gondor needs no king.
在電影版中,Arwen 勸阿拉岡不要看輕自己:
- Arwen :
-
Why do you fear the past? You are Isildur's heir, not Isildur himself. You are not bound to his fate.
- Aragorn :
-
The same blood flows in my veins. The same weakness.
- Arwen :
-
Your time will come. You will face the same evil. And you will defeat it. The shadow does not hold sway yet. Not over you, not over me.
魔戒團出發前,Elornd 也勸他接受統治人類的權力:
- Elrond :
-
In her heart, your mother knew you'd be hunted all your life. That you'd never escape your fate. The skill of the Elves can reforge the sword of kings, but only you have the power to wield it.
- Aragorn :
-
I do not want that power. I have never wanted it.
- Elrond :
-
You are the last of that bloodline. There is no other.
雖然他對於當國王沒有興趣,但仍然肯以生命協助弗羅多摧毀魔戒。我不認為他是懦弱,因為敢面對戒靈和奧克大軍,需要的不僅是過人的體力與非凡的武藝,還需要超人的膽識和堅強的意志力。他只是拒絕權力、輕視權力而已。
電影這點滿符合現代人所推崇的英雄主義。像六零年代流行的西部片,遊俠現身將一干壞人殺光,最後在鎮民的感謝聲中,拒絕酬勞,騎著馬,順著風沙漫漫的土路漸行漸遠。或者像現代的電影,落魄潦倒的過氣警察,困在自己的悔恨回憶當中,卻在危機關頭振作起來,克服自己的恐懼感與自信心,殺光惡棍救出無辜的市民,阻止災難發生,最後也從自我沉淪中恢復過來。
電影如何闡釋阿拉岡的轉變?在愛隆王的會議上,他向弗羅多宣誓保護他:
If by my life or death, I can protect you, I will. You have my sword.
在羅瀲森林, Boromir 向阿拉岡傾吐他對父親(岡多爾攝政王)能力不足的焦慮,人民的喪失信心,以及自己身負解救國土的重任,邀請阿拉岡相助:
Boromir: One day, our paths will lead us there. And the tower guard shall take up the call: "The Lords of Gondor have returned."
當時阿拉岡沒有回應。但離開羅瀲後在安都因河岸過夜時,他再度警覺到 Boromir 欲掌控魔戒以贏得戰爭的野心,以及邀請魔戒團到岡多爾的目的:
- Boromir :
-
Minas Tirith is the safer road. You know that. From there we can regroup. Strike out for Mordor from a place of strength.
- Aragorn :
-
There is no strength in Gondor that can avail us.
- Boromir :
-
You were quick enough to trust the Elves. Have you so little faith in your own people? Yes, ther is weakness. There is frailty. But there is courage also and honor to be found in Men. But you will not see that. You are afraid. All your life, you have hidden in the shadows. Scared of who you are, of what you are.
- Aragorn :
-
I will not lead the Ring within a hundred leagues of your city.
阿拉岡的拒絕讓 Boromir 誤以為他在害怕並看輕人類的實力。但照我的解讀,“There is no strength in Gondor that can avail us.”這句並不表示阿拉岡認為岡多爾人無能禦敵,而是他很清楚魔戒的力量太強大,只有銷毀它才是唯一正途。他拒絕前往岡多爾也不是怕承擔責任,而是預防魔戒被 Boromir 奪取。然而此時的他仍然拒絕王權,對人類甚至自己的能力存疑。
在阿蒙亨,弗羅多主動將戒指遞給他,但他抵擋住魔戒的誘惑。我認為就是在那個時刻,阿拉岡認清了自己的堅強。
- Aragorn :
-
Frodo?
- Frodo :
-
It has taken Boromir.
- Aragorn :
-
Where is the Ring?
- Frodo (shouted in fear, 並向後逃避):
-
stay away.
- Aragorn (跑到弗羅多面前向他保證):
-
Frodo! I swore to protect you.
- Frodo :
-
Can you protect me from yourself? Would you destroy it?
- (弗羅多攤開手掌,魔戒呼喊著阿拉岡的名字引誘他。Aragorn…Aragorn…Elessar…
阿拉岡將手伸過去,顫抖著,最後單膝跪下,以雙手將弗羅多的手掌合起來推回去。)
- Aragorn :
-
I would have gone with you to the end, into the very fires of Mordor.
- Frodo :
-
I know. Look after the others. Especially Sam, He will not understand,…
直到 Boromir 中箭瀕死,他才發現即使像 Boromir 那樣一時屈服於魔戒邪惡的力量,仍能自拔,並發揮勇敢犧牲的高貴情操。他被 Boromir 捨身救人的精神感動,被他領導岡多爾對抗黑暗勢力的決心感動,終於相信人類也有可取之處,承認領導人類對抗 Sauron 是自己的職責,而自己也有能力抵抗誘惑與墮落,在這樣的情境下接受他的宿命。
- Boromir :
-
Frodo, where is Frodo?
- Aragorn :
-
I let Frodo go.
- Boromir :
-
Then you did what I could not. I tried to take the Ring from him.
- Aragorn :
-
The Ring is beyoud our reach now.
- Boromir :
-
Forgive me. I did not see it. I have failed you all.
- Aragorn :
-
No Boromir. You fought bravely. You have kept your honor.
- Boromir :
-
Leave it. It is over. The world of Men will fall. And all will come to darkness, and my city to ruin.
- Aragorn :
-
I do not know what strength is in my blood, but I swear to you, I will not let the White City fall, nor our people fail.
- Boromir :
-
Our people…our people. I would have followed you, my brother, my Captain, My king
- Aragorn :
-
Be at peace. Son of Gondor. They will look for his coming from the White Tower. But he will not return.
電影中的阿拉岡對自己缺乏自信,鄙視權力而逃避天職,chose exile,但最後終於克服它。但原著的阿拉岡是完全不同的角色。
在魔戒與附錄記載著,他從二歲父親被奧克殺害之後就由母親帶往 Elrond 的裂谷養育。Elrond 算他的遠親,因為 Elrond 的親兄弟 Elros 是第一代的努美諾爾國王,二十多代後由後裔 Elendil 帶領 Isildur & Anarion 遷回中土,又傳三十九代傳到他。
Elrond 對待他如同自己的兒子,在他滿二十歲時告知他的真實身份,讓他前往中土各地闖蕩磨練。他很早就在北方王國都內丁之中贏得名聲,並接受 Chieftain of the Dunedain (Dunadain,又譯成登丹)的頭銜,假若他曾懷疑自己能否或願不願意當國王,也是年輕時代的事了。魔戒現身時他已經八十多歲,早已接受宿命,只是因為時機未到,所以未曾重鑄斷劍,也不曾揭竿起義。他與都內丁人默默的維持北王國的自由安全,不像岡多爾公然在南方對抗 Sauron。書本對他的形容:
"he seemed to Men worthy of honour, as a king that is in exile"
明白表示他像一位流亡中的國王,而不是他選擇自我放逐。阿拉岡在愛隆王的會議上說的話顯示出他不但接納自己的身份,而且認真的扮演它:
Lonely men are we, Rangers of the wild, ……
If Gondor has been a stalwart tower, we have played another part. …… What roads would any dare to tread, what safety would there be in quiet lands, or in the homes of simple men at night, if the Dunedain were asleep, or were all gone into the grave? ……
But now the world is changing once again. A new hour comes. Isildur's Bane is found.
Battle is at hand. The Sword shall be reforged. I will come to Minas Tirith.
Boromir 在會議上邀請阿拉岡回去帶領他的國家,阿拉岡原本打算也照著預言與 Boromir 共赴 Minas Tirith 作戰,但甘道夫的殞落讓他不得不負起雙重重擔,他現在必須取代甘道夫帶領魔戒團南行並保護他們,必須追隨魔戒並保護攜帶魔戒的弗羅多。Boromir 死亡後他瞭解攜戒者弗羅多離開團隊的含意,知道魔戒團責任已了,才轉身追擊奧克,並加入人類的戰役。
阿拉岡有幾項作為很令我欣賞。
號角堡戰役後,他從真知水晶球得知南方有一股邪惡勢力正在集結,若不趕快,岡多爾將迅速陷落,於是他願意冒險走死亡之路,希望幽靈人能遵守誓言,聽從國王的召喚共同禦敵。凝視水晶球對抗 Sauron 的思想需要堅強的意志力,他做到了,死亡之路是條勇者之路,他走得毫不猶豫。
佩蘭諾原野之役戰勝後,甘道夫指出,若要攜戒者順利進入摩多的心臟地帶,躲過 Sauron 的注意而銷毀戒指,就要把 Sauron 的眼光吸引過來,讓他誤以為魔戒掌握在人類手中,所以膽敢組成大軍到摩多大門挑戰他。這是個險中求勝的招式,倘若魔戒落入 Sauron 手中,則中土淪陷,所有的種族將墮入萬劫不復之境。即使攜戒者最終成功摧毀戒指,作誘餌的大軍仍然沒有多少存活的希望,能看到新世界興起的人恐怕不多。安享勝利果實的是那些未上戰場的人,這批出征者謀求的是別人的幸福。
甘道夫說完,第一位起身響應的就是阿拉岡。他不求苟安,不願意躲在敵後等待命運,願以自身生命換取攜戒者成功的機率。這種犧牲小我以成就大局的精神是我景仰的,讓他不僅僅是生而為王,而是以行動證明他是名符其實的國王。
我想,就是這種氣質風度,讓 Arwen 甘願放棄永生而嫁給他。
電影與書本,兩種不同身份的阿拉岡,兩種相異的英雄。你欣賞那一位?
2002/3/02 LYS